17 interesting facts about the colosseum. It is a symbol of pride in architecture and engineering.

In this article, I'll guide you through 40 amazing facts about the Roman Colosseum, accompanied by stunning photos, to help you uncover the secrets of this iconic monument. The Colosseum is one of Oct 5, 2023 · 10. The site is twice as long as a football field making the ancient amphitheater the largest in the world. And new for 2024 the Colosseum is open December 25 and January 1. Nov 9, 2009 · Built in 70 A. In conclusion, the Colosseum is a remarkable architectural masterpiece that has stood the test of time and continues to captivate visitors with its rich history and fascinating facts. Everything there is to know about the Roman Colosseum, a legendary arena located in Rome, Italy. Colosseum’s façade is lit Built on the site of Nero’s private lake in the center of Rome, the Colosseum is the world’s largest standing amphitheater and one of the New Seven Wonders of the World. Uncover the history, architecture, and insider tips for visiting Rome's ancient amphitheater. The estimated capacity of the arena upon completion was about 30,000 spectators. The arena measures approximately 189 meters in length, 156 meters in width, and 48 meters in height, it is the largest amphitheater ever built in the Roman world. Gladiator wasn’t filmed in the Colosseum, or even in Rome. Skip to main content 1-800-719-9805 Help & contact Earn free travel Log in/Register This gigantic structure has witnessed the rise and fall of the Roman Empire and survived earthquakes, wars, and the ravages of time. 4. · 5 min read · May 17--72. Built of concrete and sand. Colosseum’s name has an interesting history. ) with the main arena where the games Sep 27, 2022 · Here are some fun facts about the Colosseum—and its cultural significance during the ancient Roman Empire—to get you inspired for your visit to the Italian capital. Discover fascinating Colosseum Facts and uncover the truth behind Rome’s legendary amphitheater. In this article, I will explore some interesting facts about the Colosseum, including some of … The Colosseum Exposed: Unveiling the Most Interesting Facts Jul 2, 2019 · The Colosseum, also known as the Flavian Amphitheatre, is one of the most famous attractions in the Eternal City and one of kids’ favorites. Sep 6, 2023 · Interesting Facts about the Colosseum Architecture and Design. The widespread impact of the Colosseum on popular culture is apparent through the numerous movies, books, and television programs that portray this esteemed architectural masterpiece. 2. 1. Aug 6, 2013 · 9. It now brings in millions of visitors annually. The Colosseum has been featured in numerous films, including Gladiator starring Russell Dec 8, 2019 · 2. Spanish; German; Colosseum Skip the Line Tickets. Join us as we explore the history and significance of this iconic Building in ancient Rome , which continues to draw millions of visitors each year. Here are a few Colosseum facts that you can use to impress your friends and family. Gladiatorial shows took place at the Colosseum. Due to the unusual microclimate that prevails in the Colosseum, over 350 types of various plants grow in the amphitheater, including palm trees and bushes of ivy, laurel and other varieties. Some of the most infamous gladiator games took place here during the Roman Empire. It wasn’t a very convenient time, considering that the emperor had just blamed the Christians for a fire that destroyed half the city. Want to learn more about the Colosseum? Here are 6 facts about the amphitheater that may surprise you. D and 80 A. Apr 11, 2024 · If you would like more details and information about the Roman Colosseum, and its history, building materials and other data, t here is also an excellent, well-researched privately published website, The Colosseum. Colosseum – Interesting Facts & Historical Significance Posted on Last updated: 24/06/2023 The grandest example of ancient Rome’s architectural ingenuity, wealth, imperialism, and hierarchical society, the Colosseum, is the largest, free-standing amphitheatre in the world today as it was in the ancient world. This giant oval structure, which could hold more than 50,000 people, covered six acres with a maximum length of 189 m (620 ft. May 14, 2020 · Fun facts about the Roman Colosseum. Nov 24, 2013 · No. Iconic. The Colosseum is over 1,900 years old. Perfect for travelers and history enthusiasts seeking an in-depth exploration of this world-famous landmark. Jul 22, 2014 · As long as people had food and fun, complains were unlikely possible. citizens aged 18 to 24. It includes photos, paintings, and original illustrations as well as slides on: An introduction to the New Seven Wonders of the World. Jun 18, 2017 · The Colosseum is an oval amphitheatre in the centre of the city of Rome, Italy. Arguably the most impressive building in all of Rome. 11. Few ancient monuments spark the interest of children and adults as much as the Roman Colosseum does. Apr 8, 2024 · Best day of the week to visit the Colosseum? The Colosseum is open 7 days a week. 9 million visitors Feb 28, 2022 · 4). The gladiators were mostly slaves or war prisoners, but could also be ex-warriors who fought for glory and money. and still holds the Guinness World Record for the world's largest amphitheater. The Colosseum (/ ˌ k ɒ l ə ˈ s iː ə m / KOL-ə-SEE-əm; Italian: Colosseo [kolosˈsɛːo]) is an elliptical amphitheatre in the centre of the city of Rome, Italy, just east of the Roman Forum. That, at least, was the plan of Emperor Vespasian. The Colosseum could accommodate an estimated 50,000 to 80,000 spectators, making it the largest amphitheater of its time. The area it covers was earlier a lake built by Emperor Nero (37 AD to 68 AD) for his ‘Golden House’. The Colosseum wasn’t always called the Colosseum. It’s built on an area of 412 × 393 meters (1,352 × 1,289 feet) and the buildings themselves cover an area of 337 × 328 meters (1,106 × 1,076 feet). A world map pointing out Italy. in. 5 euros, valid for E. The Flavian Emperor Vespasian commissioned the Colosseum to be centrally built in Ancient Rome around 70 CE. Historical facts and curiosities about the Colosseum for homeschooling, family trivia, travel planning. Other interesting facts about the Colosseum. Restoration efforts have been ongoing to preserve the Colosseum’s structure. May 31, 2023 · Interesting Facts about the Colosseum The Colosseum witnessed numerous brutal fights, with an estimated death toll of over 500,000 people and animals. It was built more than 2,000 years ago, during the Roman Empire. Jun 6, 2024 · The Colosseum Size. The gardens boasted an aviary with exotic birds, exotic plants were imported from as far as the Americas; they were famous in the 17 th century for their rare botanical specimens. Interesting facts about The Colosseum. This page delves into two distinct sections, offering both quick-glance Colosseum facts and captivating trivia, enriching your understanding of this iconic landmark. Published: August 8, 2023 Hi there! I'm Ana, a passionate writer fascinated by history and travel. It was not a Battle Ground During Medieval Times. What about some Colosseum facts ? The Colosseum is still impressive in its grandeur, even in the world of skyscrapers. It was the scene of thousands of gladiator combats, contests between men and animals, and mock naval engagements. The Roman Colosseum was originally known as the Flavian amphitheatre. The Colosseum stands as a living testament to the magnificence of ancient Rome . One heck of a gift! Believe it or not, the Colosseum was actually commissioned as a ‘gift for the people of Rome’. Father to a murdered son, husband to a murdered wife. It was made into a quarry and many parts of Colosseum were torn down to supply stones for the construction of many other monuments in Rome. D under the Emperor Vespasian , in the heart of Ancient Rome. Today, the amphitheater is a major tourist attraction, playing host to 3. There were 32 different trap doors underneath the floor of the stadium. For many kids, a visit to the Colosseum is the most anticipated bit of a trip to Rome and I tell you: it never disappoints. 12. Oct 14, 2022 · Interesting Facts about the Colosseum. 3. The elliptical Colosseum, 189 m long, 156 m wide, 48 m high, and covering about 24,000 cubic meters of base area was the largest building in the era it was built. Serious Facts - Learn something new Apr 12, 2023 · The Colosseum is open daily but Colosseum opening hours vary depending on the season. Jun 15, 2024 · Interesting Facts about the Roman Colosseum part 2 . The Colosseum was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1980. . Construction of the Colosseum began sometime between C. Jan 14, 2020 · One of Rome’s most iconic landmarks, the Colosseum is a Roman amphitheater that attracts millions of visitors every year. 30 Last Sunday of March to August 31st 8. The shows at the Colosseum were free for everyone and lasted all day long: in the morning there were fights between animals (the venationes ), around midday public executions ( noxii ) and in the afternoon the gladiator fights ( munera ). Join Mr. Colosseum architects made some changes to allow new methods of stagecraft. Dec 15, 2023 · Another one of the many interesting Colosseum facts is that it's the largest amphitheater of Antiquity, capable of hosting 50,000-80,000 spectators. This number still makes it the third-largest amphitheater in Italy after the Colosseum in Rome and the ruined amphitheater of Capua. Italy is a dream destination for lovers of history. 64 after the death of Christ. Mar 14, 2022 · Top 15 Interesting Facts About Anfield; Top 10 Interesting Memorial Stadium (Lincoln) Facts; 10 Huge Facts About The Arthur Ashe Stadium; 10 Fun Facts About The Bryant–Denny Stadium; Top 12 Iconic Estadio Azteca Facts; 10 Magnificent Stadio Olimpico Facts; Top 10 Indian Wells Tennis Garden Facts; Top 10 Iconic Cotton Bowl Stadium Facts Our All About the Colosseum PowerPoint for key stage 2 children gives you a detailed introduction to this Roman amphitheatre with lots of scope for engaging follow-on activities. 5 Fascinating Facts About the Colosseum's Arena Floor; The Colosseum Underground: Backstage at the Ancient World's Deadliest Arena; Rome's Ancient Icon: An Express Guide to the Colosseum; Lions and Tigers and Bears, Oh My! Wild Animals in the Colosseum; The Colosseum and the Desecration of Democracy 17 Interesting Facts About The Roman Colosseum The Roman Colosseum in Rome, Italy is one of the new Seven Wonders of the World, voted by more than 90 million people. It is a chance to step back in time and see what life, and more Feb 10, 2022 · The Colosseum in Rome is one of the most popular tourist attractions in Italy and one of the most recognizable landmarks in the world. THE COLOSSEUM IS NOT THE May 24, 2019 · With so much to see and learn, the Colosseum is a stunning achievement that has remained the symbol of the Roman Empire since the day it opened its doors. They included former gladiators, actors, and gravediggers. 11: Devastating Earthquakes. Going without a tour doesn’t need they need to renounce learning fun facts about the Colosseum! If you prefer to have a live guide, I recommend the toddler friendly Express Colosseum Tour by LivTours which is absolutely excellent. Visiting the Check out more interesting facts about Colosseum. But the stunning amphitheater is filled with thousands of years of history, and that in itself is what keeps the Colosseum one of the most visited attractions in the world. It is one of the most famous mega structures ever built. Jun 15, 2024 · Today, the Colosseum serves as a powerful symbol of Rome’s historical grandeur. Certain classes of people were banned from attending the Colosseum. Mon-Sun: 10:30 - 18:15 (+39) 06 3996 7700; Buy Tickets; English. Colosseum is an elliptical building measuring 189 meters long and 156 meters wide with a base area of 24,000 m² with a height of more than 48 meter. Runner's Life. 10: When Colosseum Falls. Gladiators fought in the arena. Check out more interesting facts. Check out more fun facts and history of Roman Forum. The Colosseum is famous for being the world’s largest amphitheater. Other changes were accidental; a fire sparked by lightning in A. ” Although director Ridley Scott was permitted to film inside the famous amphitheater, he decided it needed to look brand new to recreate the grandeur of Ancient Rome. Jul 15, 2022 · The Colosseum Reinforced Rome's Social Hierarchy. Could accommodate 50,000 to 80,000 spectators. Fact files are an excellent resource for retaining key information, allowing your children to enhance their knowledge about world wonders like the Colosseum. The Colosseum was built near a huge statue of Colossus. Feb 4, 2024 · Explore 7 fascinating facts about the Colosseum, from ancient gladiator battles to architectural marvels. 70 and 72 under the emperor Vespasian. You can see a section of the arena that was once underground. An architectural masterpiece, the Colosseum has captivated the world for thousands of years with its intricate design, unique features, and essential role in Jun 6, 2024 · 15 Interesting facts about the Colosseum might surprise you. Mon-Sun: 10:30 - 18:15 (+39) 06 3996 7700 Temple of Venus and Roma – This huge temple precinct sits Sep 29, 2021 · Beautiful. May 7, 2024 · Below, we’ll introduce you to some of the more unique and interesting facts about the Colosseum. The Colosseum has a hidden side. THE TOP 8 FACTS ABOUT THE COLOSSEUM FOR KIDS BUSY In this article, we will uncover 36 Fascinating facts about the Colosseum, from its construction under Emperor Vespasian to its enduring legacy today. That’s over half of the number that could sit inside the Colosseum. Mon-Sun: 10:30 - 18:15 (+39) 06 3996 7700; Buy Tickets; > Interesting Facts. Jan 6, 2024 · What are some interesting facts about the Colosseum? The Colosseum, also known as the Flavian Amphitheater, is one of the ancient wonders of the world. Jul 10, 2024 · Exploring Interesting Facts about the Colosseum part 2 . It measures 189 by 156 meters and reaches a height of 50 meters (about the height of a 12-storey building). Peter Was Killed by Emperor Nero. The Colosseum is a huge ellipse, 188 metres (616 feet) long and 156 metres (511 feet) wide, with an arena in its centre; The Colosseum was also used for animal hunts, with some species such as the North African Elephant and Nile Hippo driven to the point of extinction here The Colosseum, one of the most iconic symbols of ancient Rome, is an impressive feat of engineering and architectural design. There are four levels to the Colosseum and in ancient Rome, over 50,000 spectators could enter through the 80 Oct 24, 2018 · Musement takes a look at eight interesting facts about Rome’s most iconic landmark: the Colosseum. Even though director Ridley Scott made it through all the red tape and bureaucracy required to film the movie Gladiator at the Colosseum, he decided that there were too many restrictions and that the Colosseum just wasn’t big enough for Hollywood. and is the largest amphitheater in the world. The headline event and most commonly affiliated with the Colosseum is of course, the gladiator battle. Nov 16, 2023 · Interesting and fun facts about the Colosseum for kids and curious adults: Colosseum facts to get ready for a visit to the Rome Colosseum with children and learn essential and cures facts about this wonder! The Colosseum is the most recognizable of all Rome landmarks and one of the symbols of the city. 10. 30 to 17. Builders situated the Colosseum on the site of Nero’s estate, Domus Aurea, which featured an artificial lake and a 98-foot bronze statue of This fact file on the Colosseum will be great reading for your children when learning about the Modern Seven Wonders of the World. The building was partially damaged by a series of earthquakes in the 9th and 14th centuries. It’s one of the New 7 Wonders of the World. In the 8th century AD, the English monk Saint Bede wrote: “While the Colosseum stands, Rome shall stand, but when the Colosseum falls, Rome shall fall – and when Rome falls, the world will end,” No. Even though the Colosseum is old, it might be considered relatively new when compared to other ancient monuments. You can use these facts about the Colosseum to kickstart a research project, providing each pair or small Feb 23, 2024 · Dive into our comprehensive guide on the Colosseum. Colosseum was partly demolished by earthquakes the in 443 and 1349. U. Jun 27, 2022 · It also predates the Colosseum by nearly half a century. The first ever games at the Colosseum lasted for 100 days and included more than 3,000 gladiator fights. E. At its tallest point, the Colosseum stands 157 feet high. Naples was the birthplace of pizza. Jun 19, 2023 · 18. Here are 25 fun facts about The Colosseum that kids might enjoy: The Colosseum is one of the largest amphitheaters ever built, and it could seat up to 80,000 spectators. Gladiator battles. It has inspired numerous works of art, literature, and film. The Colosseum’s original name, the Flavian Amphitheatre, was given in honor of the Flavian dynasty of Roman emperors who funded its construction. 5. It was built during the reign of the Flavian emperors as a gift to the Roman people. In this video you can find top 10 Interesting Fac Mar 14, 2024 · Situated on the eastern side of the Roman Forum, the enormous stone amphitheater known as the Colosseum was built around 70 to 72 AD by Emperor Vespasian of the Flavian dynasty as a gift to the Roman people. It has been standing tall for almost 2000 years, serving as a testament to the ingenuity of the ancient Romans. 30 to 19. The tourist attraction is one of the most iconic buildings in Italy and is depicted on the Italian version of the five-cent coin. Join National Geographic Kids as we head back in time to visit one of the world’s most famous historical sites and sports arenas – the Colosseum. It was commissioned in AD 72 by Flavian Emperor Vespasian and completed in AD 80 by his son Titus. In this article, I will reveal many interesting facts about the thousand-year history behind these masterpieces of Italian art and architecture and I will give you some tips to visit them at their best. St. Perhaps one of the most interesting fun facts about the Colosseum is about the movie “Gladiator. May 2, 2023 · Our full family guide to visiting the Colosseum with kids: practical tips, best Colosseum tickets for families, best family tours of the Colosseum and fun ideas to keep the kids entertained. Dec 13, 2023 · Another one of the many interesting Colosseum facts is that it's the largest amphitheater of Antiquity, capable of hosting 50,000-80,000 spectators. The Pyramids of Giza, for example, were about as old as the Colosseum is now when the Colosseum was being built. For the rest of 2024, opening hours are as follows: 31 March to 30 September – 8:30 am to 7:15 pm. Jul 11, 2023 · The Colosseum’s immense size allowed for large-scale spectacles to be held, attracting thousands of spectators to witness the thrilling shows. Mar 13, 2020 · More Great Content About the Colosseum. Mar 1, 2018 · Colosseum was now a target for stone-robbers and vandalists. ” It is one of the 7 wonders of the world today, and in this article, you’ll discover the most interesting facts about the Colosseum. Just like the subject of Hypogeum there is hardly a page of Roman history and the Romans that is not, on some way, connected to the Roman Colosseum which became a symbol of Rome, its From the ancient Colosseum and the Forum in Rome, to the canals of Venice and captivating Milan in northern Italy and the historic ruined city of Pompeii, in the shadow of Mount Vesuvius. E. 217 gutted the stadium and sent huge blocks of Jul 13, 2024 · Colosseum, giant amphitheater built in Rome under the Flavian emperors. and 80 A. Colosseum, giant amphitheater built in Rome under the Flavian emperors. Today, the Colosseum is one of the most visited tourist attractions in the world, drawing millions of visitors each year. Besides that, for this reason the Colosseum remains Empty for several years. 15 Interesting Facts about the Colosseum. Discounted tickets will cost 7. The Colosseum is one of the most famous Roman amphitheaters from the Roman Empire and one of the most iconic attractions in Italy. Beyond its iconic silhouette in pictures, the Colosseum holds many great stories that allow visitors to have an intimate preview of life in Ancient Rome. , Rome's Colosseum has been the site of celebrations, sporting events and bloodshed. So is there a day of the week that is best for visiting the Colosseum? In high season, the Rome Italy Colosseum is crowded every day of the week. It is a symbol of pride in architecture and engineering. Nov 9, 2023 · Rome's Colosseum opened in 80 C. You will also find more facts about the Roman Colosseum and other information on the Official Page of the Colosseum in Rome. In its heyday, the Colosseum could seat up to 80,000 spectators, while many important events were hosted in its arena. The statue was part of Nero’s Park and inspired the current name. The marble facade and some parts of the Colosseum were used in the construction of St. According to the Guinness Book of World Records, the Colosseum holds the record for the world’s largest amphitheater, a fun Colosseum fact. Peter’s Basilica in Vatican City. The Colosseum isn’t just above the ground. It opened nearly a decade later and was modified several times in the following Refer to the Colosseum Sitemap for a comprehensive search on interesting different categories containing the history, facts and information about Ancient Rome. Sep 8, 2021 · In my previous article, I talked about the history of the Colosseum and the circumstances that led to its construction I would like to tell you many interesting facts about the architecture of the Colosseum and the shows that took place there. Here are 15 interesting facts about the Colosseum, a monumental testament to ancient Roman engineering and culture: The Colosseum had a seating capacity of over 50,000 spectators. Peter was in Rome during the reign of Emperor Nero in A. Florence is the place to go for Renaissance architecture. 17. The majesty of the amphitheater was directly proportional to the cruelty of the fights that occurred Jan 4, 2020 · What was fun for some Romans, was a matter of life and death for the ones that needed to “perform. The Colosseum is taking part in the international campaign against the death penalty. Fact 14: The Colosseum was built for several reasons: As a gift to Roman Citizens, increasing the popularity of the Flavian dynasty *** Staging various forms of entertainment in a purpose built stone amphitheatre, creating a diversion for unemployed and unruly Plebs *** To utilize and showcase the latest Roman engineering techniques demonstrating to the world the power of Rome Feb 15, 2018 · Colosseum is an elliptical building measuring 189 meters long and 156 meters wide with a base area of 24,000 m² with a height of more than 48 meters; has over 80 entrances and can accommodate about 50,000 spectators. Interesting Facts about the Colosseum. It was built between 72 A. You can see the Colosseum at night, backlit against a navy blue sky, or you can explore it during the heat of the day on a fully guided Colosseum tour. Sep 3, 2021 · The Colosseum and the Trevi Fountain are 2 of the worldwide famous Italian historical landmarks and certainly the most visited at any time of the year. It is also a UNESCO World Heritage Site, recognized for its cultural significance and historical value. Uncover the secrets of this iconic Roman landmark! Feb 24, 2024 · Yes, it is estimated that the Colosseum could be filled and emptied in just 15 minutes. D. Oct 19, 2023 · The Colosseum, also named the Flavian Amphitheater, is a large amphitheater in Rome. Mar 17, 2023 · Here are 5 fun facts about the Colosseum: 1. The gardens fell into disrepair in the 18th century and were eventually sacrificed to archaeological excavations in the late 1800s when the imperial ruins below were Apr 19, 2024 · Rome in a Day Tour with Vatican, Sistine Chapel, Colosseum, and More! Looking to get much of your sightseeing done in one day? This tour enters the Vatican an hour before opening and visits the Colosseum along with other sites like the Pantheon, Piazza Navona, and Trevi Fountain. The Colosseum was frequently flooded to host mock naval On the Palatine Hill, the enormous brick remains are often speckled with the parakeets that make Rome their home; but that is not all – on your visit you may glimpse twenty different varieties of our feather friends: Greenfinch, Pheasant, Black cap, the Blue-Rock thrush and the Song Thrush, Firecrest, Chifachaff and possibly even the sought after Short-Toed Creeper. Let the games begin! Let the games begin! 1) The Colosseum was built between 72 A. Unlike earlier amphitheaters, the Colosseum is a freestanding structure of stone and concrete that uses a complex system of vaults. Sep 24, 2020 · One of the most interesting facts about the Baths of Caracalla is this complex is simply massive. My name is Maximus Decimus Meridius, Commander of the Armies of the North, General of the Felix Legions, loyal servant to the true emperor, Marcus Aurelius. ) and a maximum width of 156 m (513 ft. That’s why I have dedicated a whole tour, The Tapsy Tour of Ancient Rome, to the discovery of this magnificent Roman ruin and the nearby Roman Forum. The Colosseum is the largest amphitheater ever built. Of course, it’s also in ruins. Nov 23, 2023 · These fast facts about the Colosseum for kids, useful if you have an older child. David Liira, Kin. It’s a big iconic structure; well recognized around the world. The Colosseum is a UNESCO World Heritage site and is considered one of the greatest works of Roman architecture. Fun Facts About The Colosseum – 25 Fun Facts for Kids . 4 million tourists visit the attraction a year making it the world’s 39th most popular tourist destination. 15 September 1st Jun 11, 2024 · 7. 00 March 16th to last Saturday of March 8. The Colosseum had a maximum capacity of 50,000 spectators. More than 100,000 cubic meters of travertine stone were used for the outer wall of Colosseum which was set without mortar held together by 300 tons of iron clamps. Its enduring significance as a symbol of ancient Roman culture and Aug 10, 2019 · Since its foundations were first laid in 72 AD, it’s nearly 2000 years old and has survived an awful lot in that time. citizens can visit the Colosseum for free (reservation required) In addition, residents of the European Union under the age of 18 and after 65 can pass through a special entrance to the amphitheater free of charge. There is something that’s known as Colosseum’s Underground. The Hidden Secret to Avoiding Shin Splints & Ankle Pain While Running. Odd and Fun facts about the Colosseum. Updated in April 2024. Jan 2, 2024 · The Colosseum was the original super sports stadium 9. DeMaio and friends as they visit ancient Rome and ex . Mar 30, 2021 · Discover five fun facts about the Colosseum in Rome that may just inspire you to take a future trip to Italy. It is estimated that approximately 6 million tourists visit the Colosseum each year, making it one of Rome’s most popular attractions. Aug 8, 2023 · Ana Dimic - Travel Writer. When the Gladiator battle games started in Rome gradually the Roman Emperor fell. The Colosseum is an architectural marvel, primarily due to its enormous size. The conception and building of the Colosseum Aug 2, 2022 · The Colosseum is famous for being the world’s largest amphitheater. mx qt oa ow av jo dq ee oa ij