Accv vs wacv. Overall, the competition is very close.

Wed Mar 13, 2024 2:54 am. Opus, the open standard, high quality codec. 3. Is WAV The Best Audio Quality ? AAC Vs WAV which is better ?In this video I talk about the two digital audio file formats wav and AAC I'll compared step to s The computer vision community holds three major conferences dedicated to showcasing the very best work in the field: CVPR, ICCV, and ECCV. Compression and uncompressed audio . 1 sound effect. It is also used for 640kbps movies. FLAC. Most audiophiles who place great value on the best possible sound quality tend to avoid MP3, AAC, and other digital audio formats because these formats use compression to create smaller files. FLAC is a great choice for archival use also. The 16thAsian Conference on Computer Vision (ACCV2022) will be held in Macau SAR, China on Dec 4-8, 2022. Dec 7, 2023 · AIFF file. Step 3: Then, it will start the converting process. MP3 offers lower quality than AAC at the same bitrate. MPEG – 1 Audio Layer 3. On the other hand, if you prefer working on a Mac then AIFF should be your go-to choice. Sep 23, 2019 · El audio digital de un archivo WAV y AIFF admite diferentes frecuencias de muestreo (como 44. Select the target format. 打开软件并单击“添加文件”按钮以选择您的 FLAC 文件。. Wav (and AIFF and FLAC) files are lossless, so the sound is as good as it gets. 其他一些 著名 会议： MM、WACV、ACCV 等 ； 汇总信息在最后面，可以直接点击查看 ； CVPR. You can play AIFF audio files on Windows and Mac. File size and storage implications . The Center is located at the intersection of Thang Long Avenue and Pham Hung Road in Me Tri Ward, Nam Tu Liem District, 10 km from the center of Hanoi and 40 km from Noi Bai Airport. MP3 uses lossy compression algorithms to process audio. Though you lose much of the detail in the compression of the audio, MP3 sound produces a much smaller size than you’ll have in WAV or FLAC. MP3’s longevity ensures broad compatibility across devices, old and new. Step 3. Amongst many others, we support MP3, M4A, WAV and WMA. Choose a codec to encode or compress the audio stream. ・128kbps：約4MB. Try the WAV conversion with a AAC test file. Sound quality and audio quality . Next, hit "Choose Files" to import audio files. AAC offers better quality than MP3 at the same bitrate, even though AAC also uses lossy compression. to. FLAC 和 WAV 之间的选择通常取决于文件大小、兼容性和音质之间的权衡。. Main Conference January 4-6. Max file size 1GB. ICASSP'24. May 17, 2024 · MP3 vs WAV files: the big difference . May 17, 2021 · After multiple clues, Apple has now officially announced Apple Music Lossless Audio for all 75 million songs in the library by the end of the year, at no extra cost to subscribers – along with We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Download your WAV file. Dec 6, 2013 · When converting to . 1 channels and sampling rates till 96 kHz. This means AAC 320 is better than MP3 320, however you will likely not notice the difference. AAC files can deliver the same audio quality as an MP3 while taking up less space. I'd submit based on whether your paper is more likely to be appreciated by the vision or ML communities. 1% (2765/6127) -. Click on ‘Choose File’ and select your AAC file from your folders. If you want to AAC AAC is an audio file format that works similar to MP3 but compresses more than MP3. For web developers, an even bigger concern is the network bandwidth needed in order to transfer audio, whether for streaming or to download it for use during gameplay. At higher bitrates (think of this as the level of detail), both formats sound pretty good. Mar 6, 2020 · Hey guys. A good compromise for quality and portability is an AAC file. 但后来为了适应演播电视 May 24, 2024 · Whether you want to convert M4A to WAV or convert WAV to M4A, the software can help. Mar 20, 2023 · In this article, we'll look at both MP3 and WAV files, their similarities and differences, and explore their pros and cons. Step 1. The entire Apple Music catalog is available in ALAC format. WAV: The main differences. This highly successful series provides a premier forum for researchers, developers, and practitioners to present and discuss new ACCV 2024 will be hosted in the National Convention Center NCC is the leading and largest conference center in Vietnam. All other formats are converted into WAV when being imported. Different audio file formats . You can use file analyzer to get source audio's detailed information Mar 6, 2020 · Audiophiles vs. Convertissez AAC en CIBLE en ligne, gratuitement. Your Wave account gets you access to all this and more: A user-friendly dashboard built for you, not your accountant. >WAV to AAC Converter - CloudConvert is a free & fast online file conversion service. It is an extensively used format for streaming music, especially on portable devices. All registrations will be full passport which will allow you to attend any session for WACV and FG. g. As mentioned above, M4A files are compressed which means they have a significantly smaller file size than WAV files. Oct 2, 2023 · Slightly Larger File Sizes: While MP3 files may be slightly larger than AAC files at comparable quality, they still provide a good balance between size and quality. The processing of audio data to encode and decode it is handled by an audio codec (COder/DECoder). FLAC: Use Cases. While WMA can contain 48 kHz stereo at most, WMA Pro supports up to 7. 音频格式. However, AAC typically offers better quality at similar bit rates than MP3. As in previous years, WACV 2024 will employ a two-round review process. Bitrate - AC3 provides a bit rate of 384 kilobits per second. In the menu bar, choose Music > Settings. Jan 6, 2024 · AAC is a superior codec to MP3 320 because AAC can both do a better job at the same bit rate, or an equivalent job at a slightly lower bit rate. If you want to listen to music on the go, MP3 files are a good choice. Data compression means making the files take up less space on a hard drive. The CVF also co-sponsors WACV, the field’s premier meeting on applications of computer vision. They take up far less space than wav files so are easier to store, upload, and download. Step 1: Go to the Zamzar official website and choose Add File… to add the M4A file. To double the volume, increase it to 200%. Uncompressed Format: Unlike AAC, which uses lossy compression, WAV files are uncompressed and retain all the audio data from the original recording. Click Save to at the bottom of the program window and select where you want the new file to Waikoloa, Hawaii. CVPR 全名为： IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ； IEEE 国际计算机视觉与模式识别会议，该会议是由 IEEE 举办的计算机视觉和模式识别领域的顶级会议 ； Feb 19, 2024 · Key Differences: AAC Vs MP3. The only difference is that AIFF files have better support for metadata tags. Secondly, FLAC uses higher resolution audio up to 24-bit/96 kHz compared Jul 20, 2023 · 4. 100% represents the original volume. On the other hand, AIFF files offer compressed CD-quality sound that can be stored in smaller file sizes. Jul 5, 2024 · Even modest quality, high-fidelity stereo sound can use a substantial amount of disk space. ”. WMA is much more common in use than WMA Pro. aac. aac file), use -f adts (e. The trade-off is that the highest and lowest ends of the sound range are lost. Open the Audio tab, choose FLAC or WAV, depending on which file format you want to convert to, and pick a preset. , ICML/NeurIPS/ICLR/AAAI workshop)? What are the pros and cons for each option? Related links: Call for Tutorial proposals link here. WAV and AIFF (AIFF-C) are the only formats which Live can load without conversion. Jun 28, 2024 · In the Nutshell. 1, 48, 96 ó 192kHz) y bits de resolución (como 16 ó 24bit). However, AAC is widely accepted in modern devices, especially Jun 19, 2024 · AAC vs. Feb 22, 2024 · Lossless vs. Quality. Supplementary Material will be due just two days later on Fri, 26 June 2020 (11:59PM Pacific). A column on Zhihu that allows users to write and express themselves freely. We'll also discuss why choosing the correct podcast file formats for your podcast episodes is crucial and how it could affect the quality of your audio. If using a Windows PC then this would be the WAV file format. To use the most common codec, select "Auto" (recommended). AIFF: The compatibility of AIFF is high. Even though FLAC is a widely used lossless audio codec, it’s still not supported on all devices. Some programs can support things like embedding album artwork and meta tags in AIFF files e. While they also lose a bit of quality, the sound is better than an MP3. Oct 6, 2021 · . AAC also supports up to 48 channels WAV offers superior sound quality and is widely used in professional settings, but its large file sizes can be a drawback. Oct 9, 2019 · Offering sample rate and bit depth options just like WAV files, AIFF registers the audio waveform as accurate samples (slices) using PCM to offer the highest possible audio recording quality and sound replication. 22、International Conference on Data Mining We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Click the menu next to Import Using, then choose the encoding format that you want to convert the songs to. Nov 27, 2021 · FLAC supports metadata tagging, cover art, and fast seeking. aac from a source in m4a/mp4, you don't even need to re-encode: ffmpeg -i input. But AAC might sound as good as PCR in the end result, but may, depending on the material, lead to some issues because of double compression. convert. for critical uploads like classical music, to be on the save side, PCR may be the better choice. You can also drag and drop the file into the box. Mp3 files are great for portability and compatibility. With its high quality and low cost, it provides an exceptional value for students, academics and industry researchers. You will, therefore, need more storage space than if using AAC. It is considered to be one of the top conferences in computer vision, alongside CVPR and ECCV, [1] [2] [3] and it is held on years in which ECCV is not. m4a -c:a copy output. Other than having a different extension, the WAV and AIFF formats are identical. Choisissez un codec pour encoder ou compresser le flux audio. mixwithvasudev. Once you’re finished editing the file you can export it in a compressed lossless version, so FLAC would be a good choice there. Advanced Audio Coding. Note: FFmpeg tries to guess the output format from the output file name. Aug 26, 2022 · FLAC vs. Upload and convert. Audio File Format: MP3. Aug 7, 2023 · Bit Depth: Up to 24-bit. This means that FLAC files are smaller but slightly lower quality than WAV files. Taille maximale du fichier 1GB. AAC (Advanced Audio Codec) is the Bluetooth codec Apple uses, but confusingly, it's also the name of the file compression The International Conference on Computer Vision ( ICCV) is a research conference sponsored by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) held every other year. iTunes, some programs can do this for WAV files e. Sep 22, 2021 · AAC is both a compressed and lossy audio format, with bitrates ranging from 8 kbit/s up to a maximum of 320 kbit/s, and sampling frequencies ranging from 8 kHz to a maximum — with the right encoding process — of 96 kHz. 然而，FLAC 仍然保持高保真音质，并受到 Jul 21, 2017 · ポップスに多い4～5分の曲をMP3化すると、おおよそ以下の容量に。. The two audio formats employ the same type of encoding that results in large file sizes, but have a better quality sound compared to MP3 and M4V. Advantages & disadvantages of WAV files and MP3 files . 0% (~2812/5796) -. The next issues to consider are usability and compatibility. In comparison to WAV and AIFF, FLAC is more convenient storage-wise. The bitrate tells you how many bits of the source file need to be read each second to produce the output. However, the compression sacrifices some of the original sound quality and details. 1 audio channels and 180 kbps for stereo. Jun 4, 2024 · AIFF vs. 为此，您应该有一个完美的转换工具来帮助您满足您的需要。使用 FVC Video Converter，转换歌曲集甚至视频是 100% 成为可能。此外，它还为您提供卓越的输出质量。一些用户还提出了一个关于 AIFF vs WAV vs FLAC 的问题，而且这个转换工具仍然涵盖了所有提到的格式 Neither ACML nor WACV are regarded as being in the top tier of conferences for their respective fields, though I don't know about their perceived prestige relative to each other. Cloudinary allows users to directly upload audio files and harness a range of transformation tools, enabling effortless adjustments like clipping and stretching. 您可以自定义其他选项，例如音频编码器、通道 Jul 13, 2022 · AAC won’t sound as well as FLAC because it is a lossy format and will lose some audio information. It is possible to convert without any loss of quality from a CD track to Apple Lossless to FLAC to WAV to AIFF and back again since these are all lossless formats. New papers can be submitted in either the We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. In practical terms, the audio pressure waves that are transmitted through the air to our ears are continuous, analog signals. Sampling Rate: 44. Click the "Choose Files" button to select multiple files on your computer or click the "URL" button to choose an online file from URL, Google Drive or Dropbox. Click the Files tab, then click Import Settings. 与未压缩格式 WAV 相比，这会导致文件大小更小。. Launch this software and click "Audio Converter" on the main interface. It is similar to WAV in terms of audio quality and file size but is specifically designed for the Apple ecosystem. Supported Audio File Formats. . Jan 6, 2024 · FLAC vs AAC Comparison 1. 21、 ICIP ，全称：IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, 1994年开始举办，平均5年接收率 47. AAC格式和WAV格式差别AAC于1997年形成国际标准ISO 13818-7。. ・192kbps：7MB前後. WACV 2025: February 28th – March 4th, Tucson, Arizona. FLAC, or Free Lossless Audio Codec is an open-source lossless audio format with efficient compression. Just like WAV, AIFF also stores data in uncompressed, lossless format, meaning you get no quality loss, just pure sonic happiness. CVPR 2025: June 10th – 17th, Nashville, Tennessee. It also means that lossy files are cheaper to download. Choose the FLAC or WAV file you want to convert. The one file I have in ALAC format comes up to 953kbs which is 68% of In this paper, the Opus “hybrid” and “MDCT” curves measure the constant bitrate (CBR) quality, which is not as good as the quality Opus achieves with variable bitrate (VBR). Unless audio quality is important, then this trade-off might not be worth it. May 24, 2024 · Related Article>>AAC vs MP3. A webpage where users can write and express themselves freely on Zhihu. Click on ‘Convert File’. FLAC, on the other hand, provides high-quality audio with smaller file sizes, and its support for metadata makes it a convenient choice for managing digital music libraries. May 27, 2024 · Open Movavi Video Converter, click on Add Media, then Add Video. They compress audio data to reduce file size, leading to some loss in quality. 4 days ago · Re: Audio Encoding for YouTube- AAC vs Linear PCM. WACV 2023 January 3-7. AIFF is commonly used in professional audio production environments, particularly on macOS. M4A is an Apple-based audio format with lossless compression, allowing multiple edits without quality loss. AIFF and WAV play on almost all kinds of computers and devices, though AIFF works mostly for Macs, while WAV is for Windows. ACCV, IJCNN, WACV, BMVC) or to a workshop organised in conjunction with a highly reputed conference (e. To convert without re-encoding audio, choose "Copy" (not recommended). Convert to WAV format online, for free. AAC is frequently utilized with Apple devices and applications, such as iTunes downloads, Apple Music streaming (at 256kbps), etc. MP3 files will sound a little muddy and slurry while the AAC files maintain their brighter and clearer sound. Aap log request karo aur mai video na banau, aesa kaise ho sakta hai! Agla topic kaunsa? Comment karke batao! Website: https://www. Hit the gear icon once the audio is imported. AAC Converter. Apple Lossless is compressed while AIFF is uncompressed. WAV. Pour utiliser le codec le plus courant, sélectionnez "Auto" (recommandé). In "More Options" window, hit "Audio" > "WAV". You can use the options to control audio quality and file size. Step 2. A complete picture of your business health, wherever you are. ・160kbps：5～6MB程度. Apr 24, 2023 · AC3 vs AAC: How to Choose? In terms of audio quality, AAC appears to have higher resolution than AC3. Even though they both shrink audio files, AAC and MP3 have some key differences: Sound Quality: Think of sound quality like the clarity of a picture. Jun 25, 2023 · WAV files offer uncompressed, high-quality sound but because they are not compressed, they take up more storage space than AIFF files. Jan 28, 2021 · The WMA family consists of four codecs – WMA, WMA Pro, WMA Lossless, and WMA Voice. You may not even notice a difference between AAC 256 and MP3 320. FLAC 是一种无损音频格式，这意味着它压缩音频数据时不会丢失任何信息。. May 3, 2024 · AIFF is a lossless audio format developed by Apple in the late 1980s. Also, WAV allows higher quality output. TB. 低ビットレートにも強いため、128kbps以下 May 26, 2024 · While AAC versus MP3 sound capabilities don't vary considerably, AAC has the upper hand at lower bit rates. ICCV Submission: Aug 30th, 2023 11:59 AM PT (Aug. 单击“输出格式”并从“音频”类别中选择“WAV”。. Face & Gestures (co-located with WACV 2023) Workshops January 5 & 6, Main Conference January 7 & 8. Video and audio file size can be up to 200M. The number of meta-information is a bit different between Aug 14, 2012 · The audio quality of WAV and ALAC is identical, but ALAC is both smaller and more versatile since you can add a tag. Convertisseur AAC vers WAV. 30th, 2023 06:59 PM GMT) Supplementary material deadline: September 1st, 11:59 AM PT(September 1st, 2023 06:59 PM GMT) Reviews and Final Decisions released to authors: Oct 20th, 2023. AACやWMAはMP3より圧縮率が高く、同じビットレートでも容量が小さくなる。. WMA files can be played by most media players for Windows OS. Dec 31, 2020 · So, to make things clear, mp3 files compress your audio and compromise on the sound quality. CVPR 2024: June 17th – 21st, Seattle, Washington. Standards. Overall, WAV retains more of the sound than AAC and MP3. Aug 18, 2018 · Aug 23, 2018 3:15 AM in response to nacho220. In this article, we look at audio Jul 18, 2012 · The Lossless Formats: WAV, AIFF, FLAC, Apple Lossless, and Others. Compressed Music . Original Name. Open the Apple Music app. Select File. M4A vs . There are two main types of audio file—lossless file formats, and lossy file formats. The compression would have affected the file size, and playback speed obviously, but both of them are lossless. However, as they are uncompressed, so the size of the files may not be small. In comparison with MP3, FLAC has a lot of similarities but it’s way better quality-wise. Related Article>>MKV vs MP4. Pros: Uncompressed, lossless audio quality. CVPR and ICCV are co-sponsored by the CVF. When to use each one (music production tips) . A New Look Into Semantics for Image-Text Matching}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV)}, month = {January}, year = {2022}, pages = {1391-1400} } Inferring the Class Conditional Response Map for Weakly Supervised Semantic Segmentation. In general, Live supports audio files with 1 or 2 channels, with a resolution of 8, 16, 24 or 32-bit and any sample frequency up to 192kHz. Peace of mind that you’re always organized ahead of tax season. De facto standard for audio files. Firstly, FLAC is an open source format and is available for free whereas ALAC is a proprietary format developed by Apple Inc and is not available for free. Since MP3 files are compressed, they can lose some of the audio quality. However, AAC is an excellent way to output 400 kbps for 5. Apr 17, 2024 · On your Mac. when working with piped streams instead of files): ICASSP'23. 45. How to convert AAC to WAV: 1. Dec 1, 2020 · 19、 WACV ，全称：IEEE Workshop(又称IEEE Winter Conference) on Application of Computer Vision. Uncompressed WAV or AIFF clocks up 1411 kbps. Overall, the competition is very close. However, MP3 320 is compatible with more Oct 26, 2021 · The downsides to using ALAC include: Larger Files: Just like other lossless codecs, ALAC encoded audio produces files that are larger in size than lossy formats. To sum up, the essential difference between Apple Lossless and AIFF format is due to the compression. 在MPEG-2制订的早期，本来是想将其音频编码部分保持与MPEG-1兼容的。. Presentation, documentation, comparison with other formats, download links, source code repository. Jun 25, 2023 · When it comes to deciding between FLAC and ALAC, there are several key differences that should be taken into account. Despite earlier hesitation due to the proximity to CVPR next week, we have decided to extend the First Round submission deadline for WACV 2021 nearly two weeks until Weds, 24 June 2020 (11:59PM Pacific). Blind tests in the late 1990s showed that AAC demonstrated greater sound quality and transparency than MP3 for files coded at the same bit rate. If you need to force the format for ADTS (. Discover a platform for expressing yourself freely through writing on Zhihu's column section. But AC3 beats AAC in the field of surround sound since AC3 is widely used for home theaters to provide immersive 5. MP3 stands for MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3. AIFF stands for Audio Interchange File Format. Pour convertir sans ré-encoder l'audio, choisissez "Copier" (non recommandé). Jun 25, 2023 · M4A files on the other hand are compressed, resulting in smaller file sizes but a slightly lower overall sound quality. Another important factor to consider when comparing m4a and WAV files is the file size. They’re easier to process and the memory space on a device 16,121. The difference between the two has to do with data compression. Dec 11, 2020 · Here is how to use Zamzar to convert AAC to M4A/M4A to AAC online. It’s known for its quality-to-file-size ratio and is compatible with Apple devices like iPhones and iPods. 正如您所看到的，它还提供其他格式可供选择。. AAC是压缩音频而WAV是声音的波形文件，理论上是WAV的音质好。. Pioneered Digital Music Revolution: MP3 played a pivotal role in the transition from physical media to digital downloads, shaping the modern music industry. May 24, 2024 · For AIFF, it is a lossless audio format that can offer high quality. Workshops January 3 & 7. The most noticeable difference between FLAC and WAV is that WAV is an uncompressed audio format, while FLAC is a compressed one. WACV 2024. Oct 2, 2023 · Lossless Audio Quality: WAV files preserve the full audio quality of the original recording, making it the preferred choice for professional audio production, mastering, and archival purposes. Our in-house team of bookkeeping, accounting, and payroll coaches. It is up to you to decide whether AC3 or AAC is to choose according to your demands. ACCV is a leading biennial international conference mainly sponsored by Asian Federation of Computer Vision. It was released back in 1993 and exploded in popularity, eventually becoming the most popular audio format in the world for music files. Apple developed the format for Apple products in 1988, around the same time as the first iMac. However, both formats are lossless, so they provide the best possible sound quality. Apr 14, 2024 · AAC & MP3: Both are lossy formats. tt2. The signals are brought into the digital world by a device called an analog-to-digital converter (ADC Advanced Audio Coding is designed to be the successor of the MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3, known as MP3 format, which was specified by ISO / IEC in 11172-3 ( MPEG-1 Audio) and 13818-3 ( MPEG-2 Audio). 它允许您一次批量处理多首 FLAC 歌曲。. 9%，CCF C类会议. Jun 2, 2016 · An audio codec is essentially a device or an algorithm capable of encoding and decoding a digital stream of audio. For developers, the thought of implementing these audio capabilities FLAC 对比。. IEEE/CVF Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV) is the premier international computer vision event comprising the main conference and several co-located workshops and tutorials. It significantly reduces the audio file size without losing the quality. WAV Converter. Compatibility. ・320kbps：約10MB. 由于WAV文件不是压缩文件，因此其容量较大。. Its sampling rate is up to 48 kHz. Bit Rate: Up to 320Kbps. En general, cuando contienen el mismo audio digital formateado con la idéntica frecuencia de muestreo y resolución, los archivos WAV y los AIFF suenan igual de bien. Lossy vs Lossless: AAC: AAC is a lossy format which means it works by cutting away features of the music which are less readily perceptible and so non-essential. Feb 22, 2015 · So in terms of audio quality vs file size ALAC and FLAC are roughly equal and both are superior to AIFF and WAV. Step 2: Click Convert To to select the AAC format and click the Convert Now option. We've talked about the difference between lossless and lossy before, but the short version is, there are two types of audio For preliminary research work, should one submit their paper to an average conference (e. To convert in the opposite direction, click here to convert from WAV to AAC: WAV to AAC converter. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. For ICDM, submissions of short paper and those of long paper are in the same session and the decision of the paper type is made according to its quality. Windows Media Player. 20、 BMVC ，全称：British Machine Vision Conference. Apple Lossless also known as ALAC is as its names states a lossless compressed copy of the original CD track. If you're working with bit rates lower than 128 kbps, you'll notice the difference. Although its processing is not quite as speedy as FLAC, ALAC is fully supported in iOS and iTunes, which is crucial if you own an Apple device. This means that lossy files are normally smaller, which can be an advantage for portable devices. Choose the AAC file you want to convert. There's a reason we had "MP3 players" but not "OGG players!" The main goal of MP3 is three-fold: Jan 14, 2024 · It’s not just a tool for visuals but also capable of refining audio, including formats like AIFF, WAV, and MP3. This is why iPods and players of different varieties rely on MP3 files to play music. 1kHz. Note: For KDD and TheWebConf (formerly known as WWW ), only the papers from research track are counted. AAC. FLAC is regarded as the preferred format for downloading and storing hi-res albums whereas AAC is typically used with Apple devices and applications such as iTunes downloads, Apple Music, and so forth. The source file can also be video format. Comparing File Size. CloudConvert converts your audio files online. lossy audio files. Change quality or size (optional) Click on "Start conversion" to convert your file from AAC to WAV. 步骤 2。. Jul 2, 2021 · Three years later, Apple released their own proprietary system called ALAC, short for “Apple Lossless Audio Codec. de ij df qt vt ii hc qk lb fw