How to check python virtual environment in linux. Creating a new Virtual Environment.

When you source inside of a script like you are doing above, you are affecting the environment for that script, but when the script exits, the environment changes are undone, as they've effectively gone out of scope. The binaries include python for executing scripts and pip for installing other modules within the environment. this makes a bin of python files inside the current directory called my_project. 12. Switching or moving betweenenvironments is called activating the environment. Within VS Code, I am prompted to select a python interpreter, and once again the python executable from my virtual environment is not among the options. To work around this, when running pip or python commands after activating your environment, specify the correct path to the executable within your virtual environment, i. 3 and Python 2. Dec 1, 2019 · Simply use lsvirtualenv in the parent directory in CMD. Code source : Lib/venv/. Run the python interpreter and try: import sys. in-project true To know more about it refer this. x installed). Installing virtualenv. In this case, let’s specify that we want to base the virtual environment on Python 2. May 19, 2022 · Now I wanted to create a virtual environment, that I created it using the following command:-poetry config virtualenvs. Whether you are a beginner just starting out or a seasoned programmer looking to optimize your workflow, understanding how to handle Python packages on Linux is indispensable. A similar situation may occur when you use the default Python installation on a Linux machine. In Windows Task Scheduler you can specify the path in which the command prompt will open. If you want to run the command in long mode, use the -l flag. Then hit Enter. To install Python, use homebrew. Go to Settings, Terminal, Default shell and add /K <path-to-your-activate. Env: python37 python 3. Below is an implementation of a virtual environment with python 3. To create a virtual environment, go to your project’s directory and run the following command. 6, I am stuck at the virtualenv (2. So when adding the action, use path to your python in the field Program/script , the name of the file to be run in Add arguments field, and the path to your file. A virtual environment is created on top of an existing Python installation, known as the virtual environment's "base" Python, and may This folder is where you’ll install external packages that you want to use within your virtual environment. Lower level: virtualenv ¶. May 23, 2024 · To create an environment to house your application, you need to open your terminal, navigate to the project directory, and run the following command: conda create --name server_env python=3. py in Start in Mar 20, 2019 · Within the directory run the following command to create your new virtual environment: python3 -m venv my-project-env. 9 conda pip Here I created the conda environment named "core" and installed Python 3. In Python 3, the virtual environment module may need to be installed. Copy snippet. Install virtualenv via pip: $ pip install virtualenv. $ python –version. Dec 15, 2023 · After create virtual environment in python, you need to Activate Virtual Environment Python. 9 installed. To create a virtual environment, decide upon a directory where you want to place it Aug 13, 2018 · Similarly, we can install newer versions of Python for RHEL 7, such as Python 3. Given the above, you should keep your virtual environment separate from your source code. We use a module named virtualenv which is a tool to create virtual environments in Python, isolated from system environment Python. exe (if not, create an environment variable) To activate the virtual environment: \path\to\envName\Scripts\activate. answered Oct 6, 2023 at 12:53. I have created a virtual environment and usually I activate it in Window Power Shell using the command. Jul 25, 2017 · The best idea is (not to downgrade) to Create a virtual environment with python 3. \. 9. Essentially, a virtual environment mimics a full Added in version 3. Both Windows and Ubuntu are running python 3. 7) Steps: Install python 3. To check if virtual environment is there, we use the following command:-poetry config virtualenvs. bashrc and delete all virtualenv and virtualenvwrapper. (py2. 6. -name python. Deprecated since version 3. 04 Jammy… Linux Configuration files: Top 30 most important; Setting Up Virtual Machines with QEMU, KVM Sourcing runs shell commands in your current shell. Jun 22, 2014 · Remember that virtual environments are not exactly portable. 4. 6 and 3. lsvirtualenv -b. If you know the theme that is being used, you can add a function to retrieve the activated VIRTUAL_ENV base name and use it in the PROMPT variable in the *. 2. This command creates a new virtual environment with Python 3. You can select from here. executable), celery_name) Oct 2, 2020 · To select a specific environment, use the Python: Select Interpreter command from the Command Palette (Ctrl+Shift+P). Nov 7, 2019 · In this article, we learn how to set up a python virtual environment on a Ubuntu 18. Python 3 . 3) Configure the build commands for the above project. bat inside scripts\: Move to the virtual environment to the desired directory. You can, of course, just make a new one, too. oh-my-zsh/themes/ and that should do the trick! For me it was the default 'oh-my-zsh' theme i. There are also shell scripts (one for bash, csh, and fish) to activate the environment. For example: ( tutorial-env) $ python. I am new to Anaconda Python and I am setting up a project in Sublime Text 3. Outside a virtual, environment sys. Enjoy Coding in Python in Linux! And that’s it! With Feb 20, 2024 · This, in turn, can break a virtual environment since the referenced Python binary is suddenly missing. 7 -m venv test_env. Executable: "C:\Users\ username \AppData\Local\Programs\Python Apr 13, 2021 · What are virtual environments? Why do we use them? How do virtual environments work internally?The answers to these questions and more in this video! -- Link Sometimes the shell prompt doesn't display the name of the virtual environment and you want to be sure if you are in a virtual environment or not. 0. Platform specific installation Nov 28, 2023 · Check the Python version: python --version. The above can be found @ How to install win-32 package on a 64-bit system with conda install I personally tried it and it worked successfully (32-bit python x. 3 and 3. 7. Then activate the test_env by running the following command on Windows PowerShell: > . ) but we’re using the default module of Python: venv. Python 3. sys. real_prefix is not defined Jul 26, 2023 · Navigate to the virtual env in your terminal and run the below common. cd my-project. 1. py 8. Thank you. find . Check: Jan 31, 2016 · 2. Use SSH to connect to your EC2 Linux instance. Open the terminal by pressing the “Ctrl + Alt + T” shortcut key or clicking the terminal icon in the menu bar at the bottom. virtualenv is a tool to create isolated Python environments. Deactivate and remove the old virtual environment: $ deactivate $ rmvirtualenv foo Note that if you've added any custom commands to the hooks (e. To install GCC: conda install -c conda-forge gcc. Install Python 3 for Amazon Linux 2. You don't need to update other packages to create the Python 3 Sep 21, 2023 · To ensure your Python installation works correctly, open a terminal and activate your virtual environment. Creating a new Virtual Environment. pip3 show packagename. json. 2 days ago · Changed in version 3. The command below activates the Virtual Environment, which changes the prompt where the Dec 1, 2023 · To use the virtual environment you created to run Python scripts, simply invoke Python from the command line in the context where you activated it. 3. You can check the active environment by running the following command: conda info --envs. In order to activate the virtual environment use. 16 are installed on Debian 10. If it’s definitely in the current directory, try ls */bin/python. I know this is a pretty old question, but bumping in if anyone gets caught here. To do this, go to the main menu, select 'Project', then select 'New'. txt file from a CLI, so you can run this command Mar 14, 2017 · As you can see, although the default python in my system is 2. I have installed Anaconda and created a virtual environment using: conda create -n python27 python=2. IMO, you should use sys. 8, with the following command: $ yum install rh-python36. The correct bash snippet that will work to check if the variable is set or not is the following. On RHEL 7, to install the development tools, simply use: $ yum group install "Development Tools". Changed in version 3. 7) If I switch to a text virtual console by Ctrl + Alt + F2 and login, it looks normal. Run the following command: > py -3. Jul 29, 2017 · @not2qubit I think it is sometimes beneficial to do the opposite: put all the virtual environments to a common folder and just a link to the virtual environment in the project folder. For instance, executing the command with python3. Give the project a name and save it in your virtual environment folder. The activation command differs between Linux and macOS. 0 hc3d631a_0. – h0r53. It can be used standalone, in place of Pipenv. To determine which version MATLAB is using, call pyenv. I don't have the reputation to comment on the earlier response so posting this corrected version. 5 anaconda I am having trouble setting up the Virtualenvs plugin for SublimeText 3. venv: Unix/macOS. answered Aug 8, 2019 at 19:16. prefix. Dec 20, 2023 · Create Virtual Environment in Python. exe'}[sys. Jan 17, 2022 · Creating a Python Virtual Environment. Mar 14, 2023 · The last step is to create a Virtual Environment on Ubuntu to start our data science project. venv will install the Python version from which the command was run (as reported by the --version option). Python is a high-level dynamic programming language. PS C:\mydocs\python> . We’ll use venv , part of the standard Python 3 library, which we can install by typing: sudo apt install -y python3-venv Nov 23, 2017 · pip list will show you all the packages that are installed for the virtualenv. khushi-411. Keep your virtual environment separate from your source code. 7-venv Sep 28, 2023 · I am a beginner in the process of learning Python. I tried this in the parent directory of my venv environments and got The term 'lsvirtualenv' is not recognized as a name of a cmdlet, function, script file, or 1. This way, if you have automatic backups (meaning Dropbox or OneDrive on Windows, for example), the virtual environment files are not backed up unnecessarily. In some environments, the Python2. 5. Aug 8, 2019 · 5. Generally, you can just create this in your project and call it . venv(virtual environment) folder. Create a new Python virtual environment. PyEnv solves these issues with: Isolation: Each project can have its Python version, ensuring dependencies and environments don’t clash. \venv\Scripts\activate. The Python version will be listed. Its straightforward syntax makes it a great choice for fast development. The following commands will create a new virtual environment under my-project/my-venv. \test_env\Scripts\Activate. 9, conda, and pip into it. shell. To start using this virtual environment Nov 1, 2022 · sudo dnf install python3 -y. Aug 8, 2018 · how can I find the path of virtualenv python ,built with this tutorial? (i want to find python in this env and use it in my eclipse) $ sudo pip install virtualenv virtualenvwrapper $ export WORKON Feb 12, 2021 · The -o flag lists the outdated packages. pip uninstall -r to-uninstall. path. To do this, go to the main menu, select 'Build', then select 'Set Build Commands'. Then, run the command. The venv module supports creating lightweight "virtual environments", each with their own independent set of Python packages installed in their site directories. sudo apt-get install python3. The above command goes through your packages and identifies which ones are not required for your package or, in other words, determines the unnecessary packages. Each virtual environment has its own Python binary (which matches the version of the binary that was used to create this environment) and can have its own independent set of installed Python packages in its site directories. x series is assigned to python3 command. Make sure that the environment name is Mar 8, 2019 · The venv module provides support for creating lightweight “virtual environments” with their own site directories, optionally isolated from system site directories. 7 virtual conda enviornment being installed, it needs gcc. The virtualization process only takes care of isolating your instance. The following command takes '-n' as a flag, which is for creating a new environment with its name as 'env' and the specific Python version of '3. The command above creates a directory called my-project-env, which contains a copy of the Python binary, the Pip package manager, the standard Python library and other supporting files. All you need is to open the terminal then type python -V in the prompt. Scripts\ contains the executable files of your virtual environment. This command creates a directory named MyPythonProject which contains the Python executable files and a copy of the pip library. will be created. Apr 4, 2022 · Once Python is set up, and pip and other tools are installed, we can set up a virtual environment for our development projects. Venv is a subset of virtualenv that is shipped with Python after 3. real_prefix. 10. bat located at venv_folder\scripts. Jun 26, 2024 · See Virtual Environments and Packages on how to create your virtual environment. Environment="PATH={{ virtualenv }}/bin:{{ ansible_env. . By default, your virtual environment comes preinstalled with two dependencies, pip and setuptools. This folder contains the virtual environment you just made. I want to create a python virtual environment during the build as one of the automated build stages. Run the Apr 11, 2024 · If you need to list all virtual environments that were created by the virtualenvwrapper module, use the lsvirtualenv command. platform] celery_path = os. So it would be like below: pip freeze | grep virtualenv. exe file in your virtual environment. 5: The use of venv is now recommended for creating virtual environments. 10". 04; Mastering Bash Script Loops; Things to do after installing Ubuntu 22. Mar 24, 2023 · Using the terminal to install Python: One of the easiest ways to install Python in Linux Mint is by using terminal commands. For most systems this will be /usr/bin/python or /usr/bin/python3. Now if it doesn't exist then you know it's not activated. conda create -n virtualenv_name python=x. 7'. virtualenv creates a folder that contains all the necessary executables to use the packages that a Python project would need. The command presents a list of environment types: Venv or Conda. Dec 2, 2022 · Azure portal: select the app's Configuration page, then select General settings. 6. virtualenv creates a folder which contains all the necessary executables to use the packages that a Python project would need. See Configure general settings for Linux containers. So now the 'core' conda environment functions like an administrative environment shell. Otherwise, ls **/python, or find . pip freeze. A virtual environment is a directory into which some binaries and shell scripts are installed. 7)[username@host ~]$ I can deactivate and go back to the system's default python 2. bashrc. The commands that I tried: I'm also assuming you're currently inside the activated virtual environment. x anaconda. Aug 4, 2021 · Save and re-open the terminal. 7 on a 'test_env' directory. With a version of Python 3 successfully installed, we will receive the following output: Output. Dec 29, 2014 · You can check for the environment variable VIRTUAL_ENV and see if it has the correct source path. If you mean the module that is used in python you can check them with pip freeze or pip3 freeze based on the package manager you use. Run the following command to update the package list: sudo apt update. Alternatively, if you configured the PATH and PATHEXT variables for your Python installation: c:\>python -m venv c:\path\to\myenv. PS C:\mydocs\python> Set-ExecutionPolicy -ExecutionPolicy AllSigned -Scope CurrentUser. The -l flag lists only the packages in your current environment, omitting any globally installed packages. If you don't have one already, click the New button and create it. If pip is not in your system $ sudo apt-get install python-pip Then install virtualenv $ pip install virtualenv Now check your installation $ virtualenv --version Create a virtual environment now, $ virtualenv virtualenv_name After this command, a folder named . The second argument is the location to create the virtual environment. 3 is going to be used as a default. xcode-select --install. join(os. Haven't used Conda much myself so not familiar with how it works but I'm guessing that won't install to First create a conda environment with CONDA AND PIP installed into it, e. Jan 26, 2024 · Here, MyPythonProject is the name of your virtual environment. For example, on Windows: pe = pyenv. Mar 10, 2014 · For Windows users when using PyCharm and a virtual environment under Windows, you can use the /k parameter to cmd. sudo apt-get install python3-venv. 6 venv. Activating the virtual environment¶ Among the files listed in the structure, there are several files named activate that serve this Aug 22, 2023 · Creating a Python virtual environment in Linux. Activating the Virtual Environment. Jan 9, 2020 · Step 2: Create the Virtual Environment. ll_env\Scripts\activate Recently, I installed Windows Subsystems for Linux and tried to activate my existing virtual environment in it, but it failed. venv\Scripts\activate. Is this true? And how do I actually see this? Furthermore, gcc has already been installed in the system itself. It’s a common convention to name it venv, but you’re free to choose any name you prefer. pip freeze > to-uninstall. 6: pyvenv was the recommended tool for creating virtual environments for Python 3. Using the Create Environment command. Jul 23, 2017 · 1. pyenv activate <name> and to deactivate the virtual environment use. I n the ever-evolving world of software development, managing Python packages efficiently in a Linux environment remains a crucial skill for developers. If you check inside your project folder now, you'll see a new subfolder named venv. Verify Virtual Environment. Print “Hello, World!” in that file 9. Create a Python virtual environment. In theory I should call python -m venv . 12 will install version 3. To verify that Python is installed on your system, open the Python interpreter from your system prompt and call Python functions. PATH }}" ExecStart explicitly uses the python interpreter of the Jan 21, 2011 · 1) Go to the Control panel 2) Double click System 3) Go to the Advanced tab 4) Click on Environment Variables. ExecStart={{ virtualenv }}/bin/python {{ virtualenv }}/bin/airflow webserver. Windows. step 1: delete virtualenv virtualenvwrapper by copy and paste the following command below: $ sudo pip uninstall virtualenv virtualenvwrapper. When this process is complete, we can check to make sure that the installation was successful by checking for its version number with the python3 command: python3 -V. , bin/postactivate) you'd need to save those before removing the environment. exe to set the virtual environment automatically. Stash the real project in a temp Dec 20, 2021 · And you want to create a new virtual environment for python 3. Sorry for the nooby question - I did try searching SO and google beforehand but neither came up with a clear answer. Once virtualenv is installed, we can go ahead and create a virtual environment. step 2: go to . You can alsoshare an environment file. On Windows, invoke the venv command as follows: c:\>Python35\python -m venv c:\path\to\myenv. if you want to open a specific one from the listed type workon (env_name). Or Linux: $ source test_env/bin/activate. 'robbyrussels' which was configured. Aug 1, 2019 · On a Windows system, after opening a Powershell terminal in vscode You need to run the two lines below: first setting execution policy then activating virtual environment. x, change the commands below according to your desired version. And here is how it looks like: For more information, check this discussion thread and the python segment of oh-my-posh. txt. To do so, open the terminal app, write the following command, and hit return. If it does, you need to check and see if it has the correct path. I routinely use this feature. Python is used by system administrators to automate workloads and by developers for application development as well. Create a python-environments directory in your user’s home directory and navigate to it: mkdir ~/python-environments && cd ~/python-environments. omp. $ pip install virtualenv. On Windows, invoke the venv command as follows: c:\>c:\Python35\python -m venv c:\path\to\myenv. For instance, to run a script, just run python Aug 18, 2021 · I recommend setting up a directory for the virtual environment: $ mkdir python-venv $ cd !$ You can skip this part if you want to keep it somewhere random, but I find it helpful to keep my consolidated test directories together. To use homebrew to install Python packages, you need a compiler, which you can get by installing Xcode's command-line tools. virtualenv_name. g. The check-update also looks for available updates. To create local environments in VS Code using virtual environments or Anaconda, you can follow these steps: open the Command Palette ( ⇧⌘P (Windows, Linux Ctrl+Shift+P) ), search for the Python: Create Environment command, and select it. venv. First make a project folder, and create a virtual environment inside it. scroll down and you will see the code bellow then delete it. Mar 9, 2019 · Activating the virtual environment will change your shell’s prompt to show what virtual environment you’re using, and modify the environment so that running python will get you that particular version and installation of Python. The Python: Select Interpreter command displays a list of available global environments, conda environments, and virtual environments. Install the virtualenv tool using your package manager: sudo apt install virtualenv. Rationale: Get the list of environments with conda env list, exclude empty lines and #, parse, print the environment packages with conda list -n <env> and grep for python. Once you have created a virtual environment, you can install Scrapy inside it with pip, just like any other Python package. In the Startup Command field, place either the full text of your startup command or the name of your startup command file. There are many options available for the commands describedon this page. 14 h1571d57_29. With conda, you can create, export, list, remove, and updateenvironments that have different versions of Python and/orpackages installed in them. Jul 11, 2020 · sets the global version of Python to 3. prefix will point to the system python installation and sys. Create a virtual environment using the python3 -m venv <environment-name Apr 11, 2016 · Since similar searches related to 'how do I determine my python environment' leads to this answer I thought I will also mention a way I find out which environment I am currently running my code from. Jan 1, 2024 · 949. [root@centos8 ~]# virtualenv -p $(which python2) python2-virtualenv. echo "No VIRTUAL_ENV set". pe =. 7-dev python3. Dec 30, 2019 · It 'activates' but upon checking it is not running the python executable from the virtual environment. Hope this helps! Feb 2, 2017 · 2) Create a Geany project file in your venv folder. x series is assigned to python command, and the Python3. This will create a virtual environment called env in your current directory, using python [my version]. e. In the System Variables window, check if you have a variable named PYTHONPATH. Show. Once you have it, just cd into your project directory and run this command: python program-name. That should show you what modules you have installed in your virtualenv as long as you have it active. 3 or later, you can use the python launcher py to do this much more easily. -name python provided me with the venv name. ps1. (See platform-specific guides below for non-Python dependencies that you may need to install beforehand). cd to your project directory and run virtualenv to create the new virtual environment. py -m venv . in-project I've also had this happen (by accident) after creating a new venv while inside an existing virtual environment. If virtualenv or conda is installed, the virtual env name will show. One Jun 2, 2021 · 5. /venv. Apr 16, 2019 · However, when a python 2. python --version to check the version of Python that is being used. zsh-theme file located at ~/. As a user on a Linux machine, you should have access to your own home directory (try cd ~ to go there). Aug 13, 2017 · By default, Python 3. By looking at the output of the following command Oct 8, 2009 · If you're on Windows running python 3. PythonEnvironment with properties: Version: "3. If you have one already, check that it points to the right directories. I see you are wanting to create the requirements. Now, we could install gcc/g++ in a virtual conda environment using the following command. Perform a yum check-update to refresh the package index. venv: The second argument is the location to create the virtual environment. 4, and is deprecated in Python 3. open terminal: $ sudo nano . If you do. Within this directory you should have adequate permissions to create files and sub-directories, including a python virtual environment. $ mkdir alpha-prj. Seeing as how you are working on windows I'd check out this site Its what I followed when I first got started. deactivate You can also stand in the folder and give the virtual environment a name/folder (python3 -m venv name_of_venv). Right-click and edit activate. , . If you do not, then contact your system administrator. an easy way to diagnose this would be to see where the python is symlinked to, i. You can also run a simple Python program to make sure that everything is working as expected. Jul 22, 2013 · in command prompt Use: set CONDA_FORCE_32BIT=1. 7. Apr 24, 2020 · Virtual environments enable you to have an isolated space on your server for Python projects. It means that if you decide to use Python on your machine without using a virtual environment, then the version 3. virtualenv --python python3. Step 2 — Setting Up a Virtual Environment Virtual environments enable you to have an isolated space on your server for Python projects, ensuring that each of your projects can have its own set of dependencies that 5 days ago · The module used to create and manage virtual environments is called venv. python3 -m venv . There are many options (Anaconda, etc. py. This will create a new virtual environment in a local folder named . This command outputs information about a specific package, that is version number, homepage, summary, and other options. Then select Save to apply the changes. bat>. python3 -m venv your_foldername_here Activate. conda create -n env python = 3. 7 and it’s virtual environment packages. dirname(sys. 1 ( default, May 6 2016, 10 :59:36) Oct 22, 2022 · To check Python version in Linux, you can use python -V command. output: virtualenv==16. Create a program called hello. Apr 2, 2017 · Here is a sample output: Env: base python 2. 7(or any 3. and to install G++: conda install -c conda-forge gxx. This will show the list of all venv. Create a Virtual Python Environment and a Directory in that Environment. 7 anaconda conda create -n python35 python=3. into. The -b flag stands for brief mode and disables the verbose output. Create a Virtual Python Environment ¶. cd your_foldername_here source bin/activate Deactivate. $ python -m venv . 04 dedicated server. Sep 22, 2016 · This leads to any packages being installed being installed NOT in the virtual environment, but in the global system location. As you can see, the python interpreter used by the virtual environment is still the one available on the system python -> /usr/bin/python. If you are still seeing the previous Python version, try the following steps to troubleshoot the issue: Verify that you have successfully activated the virtual environment. Mar 4, 2024 · To add a new virtual environment to a project, go to your project folder and run the following command in a terminal: sh. /dir, but If I already created it I get an error: Error: [Errno 13] Permission denied: '/dir/bin/activate' May 13, 2016 · To work around this, here's my ExecStart instruction, with an Environment instruction (which sets an environment variable for the service alone). Now, use the venv command to create a virtual environment inside the project folder, as follows: Jun 23, 2014 · 10. The activation command in windows use the below commands. For your reference, this is the full configuration file of my theme: anwar. To deactivate the virtual environment: \path\to\env\Scripts\deactivate. Apr 9, 2017 · Python 3. But after doing this, I can`t see any . For Linux: For activate the virtual environment in Linux use the below commands. For more information, see Connect to your Linux instance from Linux or macOS using SSH. You’ll learn more about them in a bit. To create a new environment. So I believe I don't have to install gcc package seperately inside the enviornment. I check the location of my pip binary which points to a location within the current environment. Jul 9, 2024 · To avoid interfering with macOS, we recommend creating a separate development environment and installing a supported version of Python for Google Cloud. Sep 5, 2015 · The workaround is easy, just move your virtual environment anywhere then edit activate. run: ls -l venv/bin/python and make sure it points to the appropriate Python binary. Change VIRTUAL_ENV variable from: set VIRTUAL_ENV=C:\old_directory\venv_name. pyenv deactivate For Windows, you can perform it as: To create the virtual environment as: virtualenv envName –python=python. Simply install the different python version, then run: py -[my version] -m venv env. Nov 22, 2017 · All you need to do is to run the python. consider the common scenario of Nginx acting as a reverse proxy to a Python application. executable to get the path of your Python executable, and then build the path to celery: import sys import os celery_name = {'linux': 'celery', 'win32': 'celery. venv\Scripts\python -m pip install setup. , conda create --name core --channel conda-forge python=3. Jun 8, 2019 · Related Linux Tutorials: Creating and Managing Python Virtual Environments… An Introduction to Linux Automation, Tools and Techniques; Things to install on Ubuntu 22. vn fn qx pw iu dl ju cn bt rj