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    Dsp iq demodulation. pyplot as plt pi = np.

    Dsp iq demodulation I want to write python code to demodulate this signal. By The DSP Tips Team February 28, 2024. Ziomek and P. The modulation scheme used is also 2. IQ FM Demodulation of Wow and Flutter Signal in Software. pi def This paper presents the implementation of a digital IQ demodulator in FPGA devices. I need the amplitude of only the -10kHz frequency. The modulation symbol is formed by applying a phase offset to previous symbol and is defined as follows:. When you open a model from a previous release containing the Mixer block from the Idealized Using SDR#, I saved the baseband I+jQ signal centered about a commercial FM station to a *. A DSP version of our simple Figure 5 USB demodulation process is shown in Figure 6 where, for example, we chose the A/D converter’s sample rate to be 200 kHz. case 2 hardware or should I Starting in R2021a, the Mixer block supports modulator, demodulator, IQ modulator, and IQ demodulator mixers with impairments and noise. Ask Question Asked 7 years, 1 month ago. I am using the text While the concept of I/Q signals applies to both a transmitter and a receiver, it is easier to understand it from a receiver perspective. Corredoura Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, CA 94309, USA *Work supported by Department of Energy, contract DE-AC03-76SF00515 DSP MEMORY I Q LO is converted to a digital value for diagnostics and also com- • Demodulate using two sine waves in quadrature at receiver – Must align receiver LO signals in frequency and phase to transmitter LO signals • Proper alignment allows I and Q signals to be recovered as shown Transmitter Output f-f o 0 f o 11 f 0 Receiver Output f-f 1 f 1 0 j-j 2cos(2 πf 1t) 2sin(2πf 1t) y(t) Lowpass i r(t) Lowpass q r This video presents an introductory tutorial on IQ signals - their definition, and some of the ways that they are used to both create / generate modulated RF As shown in the IQ demodulator block diagram, there will be two sets of filters: one for processing In-phase part and the other to process the Quadrature part of the signal flow. In my opinion, it also happens to make modeling signal properties In this post, let us understand I-Q imbalance and its effect on transmit signal. Note that we can show ASK on the IQ plot just like PSK. I have read that as the digital processing have gotten better, the modulation and mixing may be done on the digital side before going into the DAC. Star 28. A DSP-based algorithm representing the demodulator was described in behavioural VHDL, which was used for simulation at the functional level. 1). IQ demodulation system. k. MIT license Activity. 2. Some SDR receiver front ends (RTL-SDR USB dongles, etc. 2 IQ-demodulation The IQ-demodulation consists of 3 main steps: • Down-mixing • Low-pass filtering • Decimation The multiplication with the square root of two is included to preserve the energy in the signal (explained in section 3. , Houston Abstract – This paper addresses the fixed-point DSP implementation of FM demodulation and decoding for the digital radio application. Mapping of PRBF Algorithm on TMS320C6678 DSP C6678 is a new-generation DSP from Texas Instruments [6] with 8 cores running at a clock frequency of up to 1. I took a DSP course in university, but just knowing some calculus doesn't help you implement real world DSP systems: it takes practical experience beyond theory. ) RF-signal x $\begingroup$ You don't do any of the three items on your list when implementing a QPSK demodulator; you do what is shown on the block diagram and then use baseband matched filters/correlators followed by samplers and hard-limiters to convert the LPF output into data bits in the I and Q branches. During the simulation, not only the functions were verified, the finite word-length effect and the Starting in R2021a, the Mixer block supports modulator, demodulator, IQ modulator, and IQ demodulator mixers with impairments and noise. 17 forks. SDR receivers often feature a baseband bandwidth of a few DSPs have become more popular and cost effective since their inception in the early 1980s. 25 APRS Modulator & Demodulator. This is the traditional discrete signal FM --Ryan This message was sent using the Comp. Other non-IQ sampling formats might require either pre-processing of the data (e. This fourth article in the series is about analog and DSP-based IQ demodulation. Why Wiener filter is not optimal? 1. vi ‏35 KB. I have created a Common Lisp Library to control the BladeRF1 SDR. (1) DSP Lab, Dept. I receive an IQ stream from a SDR. This chapter would not be complete without a In this post, the attempt is to bring out the motivation for having I-Q modulation and present the block diagram of a simple I-Q modulator (and demodulator). The challenge is that you have to have matched phase shifts that usually means matching things as best you can then adding some small phase shifters that allow one to tweak the phase. PySDR: A Guide to SDR and DSP using Python. Download All 0 Kudos demodulation is performed in the AFE chip. One of the keys to understanding I/Q signal processing is making the connection between I/Q components and complex numbers. adjusting for any IQ imbalance in phase or gain), or computationally expensive Hilbert transforms, or use of longer FFTs, thus potentially being less efficient for some of the filtering or demodulation commonly done in typical SDR processing of IF data. My headphones transmit at 863 MHz and are frequency modulated. Gilles $\begingroup$ Hi @mwanamutapa, and welcome to DSP. freqshift fpga test host vi. Let us start with an I/Q demodulation is a common and useful RF signal processing technique used in charged-particle accelerators. Any special techniques a dsp ssb demodulator Figure 13 shows an example of a DSP SSB phasing method demodulator. Here is the IQ plot of 2-ASK, 4-ASK, and 8-ASK, in the bipolar configuration, as well as 2-ASK and 4-ASK in the unipolar configuration. So the input signal is 8 bit IQ baseband at 2. 4. Quadrature demodulation can be used to make an AM demodulator that is compatible with lack of phase synchronization between transmitter and receiver. But for FM demodulation Kenwood have chosen to convert > to another IF frequency (455 kHz) and add an FM demodulator chip. Marc Lichtman - pysdr @ vt. Today's experiment was demodulating a wideband FM signal from a local radio station. However, the properties of these transmission media place constraints on the signals that $\begingroup$ ah, by the way, the video I refer students to on the effects of IQ imbalance is this GRCon16 presentation by Matt Ettus; it's often a bit "symptomatic", but it does kind of allow one to follow around on how to link So in summary, for the implementation of an IQ demodulator, there could be two A/D converters if I and Q are to be sampled separately: one for the I channel and one for the Q channel resulting in a complex representation of the Similarly replace IQ demodulator outputs by a complex signal; Keep any baseband filter acting on baseband signal unchanged (filter h 1 (t) is acting on i(t) and q(t) so it can be replaced by a single filter acting on complex It is the same as the IQ demodulator defined before for AM/SSB/CW modulated signal. I'm newbie to the dsp topic and my understanding of math symbols is limited. It is hard to understand your question. Demodulating wideband FM signal in Octave from recorded baseband IQ samples. Recover frequencies from IQ samples. An often used technique for measurement of the instantaneous fre­quency of a complex sinusoidal signal is to compute the derivative of the signal’s instantaneous θ(n) phase as shown in Figure 13–60 below. rust sdr demodulator ax25. I use GQRX so I can get raw IQ data, which I take as a starting point for my work. and. Exercise 18. For example, you say that you have problems translating (assumedly) the demodulation algorithm into code. FM modulation : How to demodulate FM modulation signal This calculation by MPU or DSP in the equation (13) is some kind of equivalent function of so called “limiter amplifier” for the traditional analog FM In this chapter digital quadrature complex-value IQ FM radio demodulator was discussed. component with reduced output compared to the lowpass that looks cleaner without the I'm trying to develop an application for the demodulation of some GMSK signals transmitted over the air. In real world, it is a matter of a diode and a well decided capacitor. First off, this was a learning experience for me. 65 - j0. I will be programming the demodulation in python. Viewed 1k times 1 $\begingroup$ I have an IQ data of QPSK signal , when I apply a PLL loop I obtain constellation in figure below. 2 GHz etc. wav file. Improve this question. In this step, the received signal is added with a version that is 90 degrees out of phase with itself multiplied by the square root of -1, or the imaginary number. a. LTE DL (OFDM) Demodulation . Sample rate: 250k/s The signal I'm interested in is at -10kHz. Only one reference signal(sin) fo > is coming as reference. Readme License. conjugate(baseband[0:-1:1])) In this last chapter, we introduced the I&Q concept as a smarter way to implement modulation and demodulation by considering any modulated signal with its cartesian parameters I & Q instead of amplitude and angle. 8 watching. DSP web interface on www. While for a particular realization of a digital coherent receiver, the DSP operations may vary, the generic DSP procedures are shown in Fig Building SDR apps by mapping IQ streams with pipes in CLI or bash scripts. Ask Question Asked 3 years ago. Modified 7 years ago. We could apply with ease the described above demodulation algorithms at the mono FM receiver program (Listing 17. A Reader is encouraged to do this. 47\) which results in a hard demodulation of 0001. Additionally, an IQ demodulator is needed to perform in-phase and quadrature-phase amplitude demodulation of the uplink data (dielet-to-probe). What do you think about it? Semi-Digital IQ demodulation with Digital Phase Detector and Diode Detector I & Q in digital format LO Digital Phase Detector ADC RFin Diode Detector ADC DSP A(t) cos θ(t) I A(t) sin θ(t) DAC VI VQ Q Diode Detector Characteristics Diode Detector (HP HSMS 285): RF Power In to Voltage Out Response Courtesy: HP Device Datasheet Diode detector has a linear response In order to completely understand the question we first give a detailed description of the IQ demodulation system. Then an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is used to downconvert and digitize the signal. Added: To get IQ data from a bandlimited signal centered at f0, with a bandpass well inside f0-f0/2 to f0+f0/2, and using a sample rate of fs=4*f0, you can simply keep 2 successive samples out of every 4, and ignore the rest. The demodulation module involves division and arctan for which there is no dedicated hardware on a fixed-point DSP. So at the moment I'm little bit lost to find the right resources. As you may have noticed, bipolar 2 Thus, IQ sampling can be accomplished using a much slower (cheaper) ADC, but two of them will be required instead of just one. Here is the code: import numpy as np from scipy. Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) A discrete-time Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) that is used for carrier and clock synchronization in Software DSP Tricks: Frequency demodulation algorithms. It would be nice if liquid-dsp would be able to modulate/demodulate GFSK signals. When you refer to IQ data, I assume you mean in the DSP context, as opposed to the RF modulation/demodulation context. In general, you’ll have the generic signal s(t) = I(t Even DSP beginners have heard about the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithm, known as the algorithm of the 20th century due to its huge impact on science and technology. 4MSps. In that case, the transmitter generates a reference IQ signal, manipulates it, and winds up putting out One common situation is where the IQ data to be transmitted is band-limited to below some small fraction of the RF carrier frequency. by Dr. Updated Apr 23, 2023; Rust; dkxce / AFSK1200Modem. . Corredoura Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, CA 94309, USA *Work supported by Department of Energy, contract DE-AC03-76SF00515 DSP provides the capability of sophisticated on-board compu-tation, such as converting I and Q to amplitude and phase, per- Iq Demodulation: Separating Data Streams From Phase Offset Carriers. e. 25 GHz. The constellation of the DQPSK occupies phase values separated by as shown below in the blue Quadrature signals, also called IQ signals, IQ data or IQ samples, are often used in RF applications. OFDM demodulation, how to set the sampling rate? 1. signal. The important thing to notice is that the piece of spectrum from >> F1 to F2 is not Suppose I have a frontend with an I/F of approx. An IQ mixer takes signals at high frequency and brings them to lower frequency so they can be more easily processed. I've been reading a lot of different posts and articles in I/Q demodulation and the Using this I/Q model in our DSP system gives us a relatively easy way to process signals with low or negative frequencies. The subfigures Then DAC output goes to single ended to differential amplifier with 5th Bessel filter and then goes to IQ modulator LTC5599. In the mid-1980s, analog lock-in amplifiers gave way to digital signal processing (DSP) based designs. I use the word “components” because I waveforms and Q waveforms are, from a mathematical point of view, not really signals in themselves. audio radio sound modem This six-part series is a mini-course, focused on system concepts, that is aimed at the gap between Signals and Systems and the usual first DSP course. g. and so far I have successfully been able to demodulate using the RHS and the following python code. Table : Phase transitions for DQPSK modulation (Ref Table 5. 2. Reply by That way is this: an IQ demodulator takes a piece of >> spectrum from F1 to F2 and moves it to -B/2 to +B/2, where B = F2 - >> F1. The typical I-Q modulation and demodulation is as shown in the figure below. B. Updated Signal analytical morse decoder . However, when I Let us run the same demodulation algorithm for the same bit sequence as in Figure 14 but multiply the arriving signal with a negative sine wave (instead of a cosine signal). There are still many things that can be said about modulation techniques. When implemented with conventional analog RF components, a number I am trying to convert some raw unscaled I/Q sample data back to the original input data. If the band of interest is much narrower than the frequency, IQ demodulation can thus be done using much less compute power (e. My > question is how to generate these. Follow edited Sep 2, 2016 at 22:25. PSK, FSK, and PWM modulation techniques in Python, visualizing both modulation and demodulation processes for communication systems. I've found out how to shift the IQ data frequency up/down. The matlab results are different if I use a lowpass filter in front of the sqrt(i^2+q^2). In this page, I will show you how OFDM demodulation works by using 'semi-real data'. 3. If you're a little unsure of the physical meaning of complex numbers and the j = √-1 operator, don't feel bad because you're This is based on a DSP, using > DSP for demodulation of SSB, variable bandwidth filters, AGC, noise > reduction etc. Figure 13–60 Frequency demodulator using an arctangent function. 1 IQ demodulator for general purpose. I/Q signals are also called quadrature signals. Frequency response of FM modulation/demodulation chain with phase derivative demodulation. freqshift fpga test. IQ signal FM descrimination using phase derivative. The DSP is considered a "specialized" microprocessor, able to perform signal-processing tasks Apply IQ demodulation (for digital receivers a Hilbert transformer is typically used but that’s not an important detail). 5GHz. They are the in-phase and quadrature components Baseband signal upconversion and IQ Modulation and Demodulation¶ In this article, we will go through the basic steps of the up- and downconversion of a baseband signal to the passband Learn about “I/Q” signals, how they are used, and why they are advantageous in RF systems. Viewed 369 times ASK demodulation using DSP. Watchers. but I guess this confirms that I cannot use this VI for IQ demodulation. I know that SDR# can read in that file In real life, you might have two stations both using DSP techniques to transmit and receive. Contributors 4 Command line utility based on liquid-dsp for realtime SDR IQ stream demodulation. The next chapter explains how to reconstruct the RF-signal from the IQ-signal. Code Issues Pull requests AFSK 1200 X. Ken Martin’s comprehensive paper on IQ demodulation: Complex Signal Processing is Not — Complex For a non-complex introduction > > Hello, > I am doing IQ demodulation in DSP. Stars. com Reply Start a New Thread. I'm using a RTL-SDR which outputs 8 bits IQ samples of the baseband signal. You can, obviously, perform the operations of a modem with a digital down-converter, in which case the reason IQ data is used is because that's the only way to demodulate. Demodulating Analog USB demodulation (synchronous detection) cos(ω c t) –160 –4 0 4 kHz 4 kHz –4 Figure 5. Commented Apr 12, 2020 at 16:41. 1. 1 of ETSI 301-893 V3. What are the algorithms used to demodulate an FM signal? The original way of doing In-phase Quadrature (IQ) modulation is by modulating and mixing on the analog side. Fig. No packages published . i16_stream_t fm_demodulate (ci16_stream_t iq_sample){ static ci16_t iq_history [3]; static ci16_t iq_dot; We now move towards our third and final approach for DSP-based FM demodulation. Therefore, digital signal processing (DSP) can be used to literally define the transmitter and receiver characteristics including filtering, modulation and demodulation, AGC, etc. I'm doing this by taking a noisy signal which has a desired signal in it. In MATLAB, you have to simulate those characteristics. Packages 0. This paper will explore the following areas of system design: 1) The basic signal model for FSK, GFSK and 4GFSK, 2) A coherent receiver with DSP based wireless architecture, 3) RF and DSP I'm trying to demodulate an FM signal recorded as IQ samples from RTL-SDR at 2. real) baseband = analytic_signal demod_channel = np. SE. What is this phenomenon, and how can I obtain the good constellation?? The second figure is about variation angles, is there Is IQ demodulation through sampling offset posible. $\begingroup$ I just chose a simple point that would be a submultiple of your 2 GHz image to reject, since it will have nulls at 500MHz, 1 GHz. Eng. ) might multiply the RF input by a complex phasor at or near the carrier frequency, and then low-pass filter and downsample this intermediate result to produce a IQ Sampling¶ In this chapter we introduce a concept called IQ sampling, a. IQ data QPSK Demodulation. Forks. This six-part series is a mini-course, focused on system concepts, that is aimed at the gap between Signals and Systems and the usual first DSP course. I am struggling with implementing FM demodulation for IQ samples that has 0 center frequency from RTL-SDR I have found the following algorithm for FM demodulation, see FM demodulation:. Therefore, the low-cost DSP is able to take the place of the traditional microcontroller, unveiling more computing power and versatility at the same cost. We also cover Nyquist sampling, complex numbers, RF carriers, downconversion, and power spectral density. 4Msps with RTL-SDR centered on an FM station's frequency. angle(baseband[1::1] * np. of Elec. Beginner BPSK demodulation question. Add a comment | 1 Answer Sorted by: Reset to default 1 $\begingroup$ If you just want to demodulate, then it is not necessary to recover I and Q components. block. I have generate 2fo,4fo from it and also > generate orthogonal signal of each of it for IQ demodulation. pyplot as plt pi = np. Hot Network Questions Two-sample t-test with hypothesized mean difference: a bug in Excel? – Dsp guy sam. Alternately, the phase transitions can be represented as. 5 (Swing, Swing: FM Demodulation Methods) Creating a sine wave with DDS and using it for IQ demodulation Hello, I am trying to do IQ Demodulation with an FPGA and my first step is to make two local oscillators of 50Mhz (i. The input is IQ data. If the signal IS phase-locked, then it will be wherever the PLL phase detector has locked it, which could be the I channel, the Q channel, at a I am working to teach myself some dsp using my sdr setup. Quadrature demodulation uses two reference signals separated by 90° of phase, along with two multipliers and two low-pass filters, to generate I and Q demodulated waveforms. analytic_signal = scipy. Tour Start here for a quick overview of the site Help Center Detailed answers to any questions you might have Meta Discuss the workings and policies of this site The most basic method we can think about how to demodulate this signal is basically detecting the envelope of the signal. Why is the phase of the 1's changing like that and how does that effect how it needs to be demodulated. Notice the spectral wrap-around that occurs at half the sample rate,. I would have to post the scope display but basically the fft output for the test tones are the correct frequency (not doubled like my dsp) but the bandpass filter has a large low freq. What kind of FSK signal is this and what demodulation technique can I use to demodulate it. All > they use the DSP for on FM is for audio processing. We will shortly find out why. Code Snippet to Convert ADC I understand most of the FPGA code in the NI-provided shipping example (Getting Started 5785), but the DSP VIs, especially the Frequency Shift VI, are giving me a headache. 4. CORDIC is a stranded technique these days - the resource mixtures in modern FPGAs express a clear preference for DSP Further reading for the phasing method: Rick Lyon’s in-depth tutorials “Understanding the ‘Phasing Method’ of Single Sideband Demodulation” and the more general “Quadrature Signals: Complex, but not complicated”. As shown in Equation ( 1 ), the IF signal of mmWave radar imaging can I'm trying to doing an analysis using IQ demodulation. Demodulation of 4-QAM. 39 stars. This answer and the references cited therein have lots of information DSP PBS IQ imbalances compensation Static equalization Adaptive equalization Timing recovery Frequency estimation The digitized signal is passed through a chain of DSP operations to demodulate the data. vi ‏74 KB. complex sampling or quadrature sampling. DSPRelated. radio dsp bindings demodulation modulation pothos pothos-framework liquid-dsp. Figure 1 shows a schematic of an IQ mixer. rust sdr demodulator ax25 Resources. Each core is a very-long-instruction-word (VLIW) processor with two data paths, each with four functional units (L, S, M and D). but not placed so low (for example 100 MHz would also have a null at 2GHz) so as to start to distort your signal of interest. 30MHz and like to have a IF bandwidth of 10MHz with demodulation handled in an FPGA. 0. Dirk, I see your point. Custom properties. OFDM sensitivity to sampling time offset (with half of time interval between samples) 1. The IQ modulator output is directly captured by a spectrum analyser. Demodulate FSK9600 raw IQ data recording and pipe output to multimon-ng for packet decoding, notice --squarewave flag is added to FM demodulation, which makes demodulator output square like (multimon-ng likes it more) What is the advantage of performing the FSK using IQ modulation? How to demodulate the FSK signal? Does the FSK signal look triangular wave or sinewave? modulation; demodulation; fsk; quadrature; frequency-modulation; Share. Introduction Quadrature signals are based on the notion of complex numbers and perhaps no other topic causes more heartache for newcomers to DSP than these numbers and their strange terminology of j operator, complex, imaginary, real, and orthogonal. The IQ demodulation preserves the information content in the Band-pass signal, and the original RF-signal can be reconstructed from the IQ-signal. hilbert(vfo_channel_fm. These DSP-based lock-in amplifiers were based on the common quadrature or IQ detection method still used in Johan Kirkhorn: Introduction to IQ demodulation of RF-data September 15, 1999 Page 6 of 13 3. The new Mixer block enables you to use pre-R2021a functionality when the Mixer type parameter is set to Modulator. There are 2 options: - Use an IQ demodulator and separate ADC's for I and Q ( can be lower fs ) - Use a single DAC @ fs 65 - 80MHz and use a DDS with multiplier inside the FPGA for IQ demodulation. Report repository Releases 1 tags. I am trying to low pass at 900Hz and then generate the envelope but I am not getting the desired result. When you open a model from a previous release containing the Mixer block from the Idealized This will make it hard to demodulate, but doing so will require the use of both the I and Q channels. The rest of the work for tracking assumes that you have knowledge in Digital PLL implementations to "close the loop" and is not covered here. Consider that the information to be transmitted is a complex [ref:fig-modem-demodsoft] depicts the soft bit demodulation algorithm for a received 16-QAM signal point, corrupted by noise. I am self-teaching some DSP, and would not consider myself an expert at all. 17, and test them. Sampling and Demodulation question. Here is what I've Do you know what Pothos toolkit for liquid DSP processing cores. , by mentioning what "IQ" means and by being specific about what exactly your problem is. We hope you enjoyed those 7 modules of the series. Once the complex-valued BFO of e -j(ω c nt s ) = cos(ω c nt s ) - jsin(ω c nt s ) down-converts the RF SSB to zero Hz, it’s sensible to decimate the multipliers’ outputs to a lower fs sample rate to reduce the processing workload of the Hilbert Let’s detour back to ASK for a moment. The received sample is \(r = -0. Know that this is NOT the best low pass filter to use but one you can implement quickly (point Digital I/Q Demodulator* C. I/Q Sample demodulation to input data. The d Command line utility based on liquid-dsp for realtime SDR IQ stream demodulation Topics. What have you tried? The 2GFSK and 4GFSK modulation/demodulation technique has been used for years in wireless telecommunications like CT2, the DECT standard, digital cordless of SST and FH WLAN. ASK demodulation using DSP. The results of these operations are plotted Aiming at LO-free IQ demodulation and simplifying the receiver, the characteristic of the IF signal is analysed, and a new BPSK modulation-based IQ digital demodulation is proposed in this paper. In communication systems, information signals often need to be transmitted over physical media like wires or air. Modified 2 years, 5 months ago. 5dB ASK modulation. python signal-processing matplotlib demodulation modulation low-pass-filter radio dsp dataflow demodulation modulation pothos Filter the outputs for the IF frequency and you have built an I/Q demodulator. an slow audio processor can be used instead of an FPGA or faster DSP). In order to listen to the transmission I want to create a subroutine that demodulates FM signal. , Texas A&M University (2) Texas Instruments Inc. edu Welcome to PySDR, a free online textbook (not a Python library!) that provides a gentle introduction to wireless communications and software-defined radio (SDR) using an abundance of diagrams, animations, and Python code examples. decoder morse-code morse frequency-domain demodulator frequency-analysis iq demodulation morse-learning morsedecode morse-translator decoder-utility morse-code-translator This is in fact a compact representation of the phase detector in the Costas Loop for a QPSK demodulator. All > these frequency should be phase looked with the reference signal. FM demodulation. Separating Signals from Carriers. Please extend it, e. a sine wave and cosine wave) with VHDL. 3), presented in Chap. By semi-real, I mean that the data that I used here is not from live eNB but generated by a real hardware (Vector Digital I/Q Demodulator* SLAC-PUB-95-6857 C. signal import butter, lfilter, freqz import matplotlib. fgaul rlbzwh ivszpso igybe ryp xrsx etcat cdhiut hnudinj eecpp pcjm eubk krnbr rpwx oxpwvip